ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSIs) are critical occupational risk among health care workers (HCWs), which is extremely worrying due to the potential risk of transmitting bloodborn pathogens (BBPs). This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of NSIs among Iranian HCWs.@*METHODS@#In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the key terms percu* injur*, needle* stick injur*, needlestick* injur*, or sharp* injur* were searched in the Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, IranMedex, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus. A prefabricated checklist, including variables: first author, publication year, study population, sample size, gender, total prevalence of needlestick in each gender, type of questionnaire, region, and type of hospitals, was used to extract data from the selected articles included which were published between 2003 and 2016.@*RESULTS@#The analysis showed that the prevalence of NSIs in the Iranian HCWs was 42.5% (95% CI 37-48). Moreover, the prevalence of NSIs was more in women (47%; 95% CI 36-58) compared to men (42%; 95% CI 26-58).@*CONCLUSION@#Given the high prevalence of NSIs, it is necessary to supply safe needles and instruments, hold training programs focused on new methods of using sharp objects safely, observe safety principles and standards, reinforce the practical skills of personnel, and pay more attention to reporting and improving occupational behaviors like avoiding needle recapping in order to reduce the prevalence of NSIs and consequently reduce potential risk of transmission of BBPs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Iran , Epidemiology , Needlestick Injuries , Epidemiology , Personnel, Hospital , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Background: Sleep apnea is one of the sleep breathing disorders associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that increases the risk of mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between sleep apnea and the metabolic syndrome in elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases
Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 200 elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases in Saqqez's Imam Khomeini's Hospital in 2014 with convenience sampling. ATP3 index and STOP scale were used to determine sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome, respectively. Data were analyzed by PASW software using descriptive statistics, independent t test and Chi square at the significant level of <0.05
Results: 48% and 73% of patients with cardiovascular diseases had metabolic syndrome and sleep apnea, respectively. There was an association between metabolic syndrome and sleep apnea in women, so that the chance of metabolic syndrome in women with sleep apnea was 2.4 times more than others [OR=2.4, 95%CI: 1.3-4.3, p=0.003]. Among the components of metabolic syndrome, only systolic blood pressure was associated with sleep apnea [p=0.004]
Conclusion: Given the prevalence of sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome in elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases, these two variables should be considered simultaneously
ABSTRACT
Premature infants undergo painful and stressful procedures during care and treatment. Nurses can help to reduce shortand long-term effects of pain caused by diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using various methods including music therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of music therapy on physiological pain responses of premature infants during and after blood sampling. This was an experimental study with crossover design conducted on 20 premature infants hospitalized in the intensive care unit of a hospital affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences for a five months period in 2010-11. Infants were randomly allocated in two groups of experiment and/or control. Each infant was considered as its own control. We assessed the physiological pain responses caused by blood sampling such as heart rate and oxygen saturation level. Infants in the experiment group listened to the Transitions music five minutes before until 10 minutes after the blood sampling. The responses were recorded and reviewed ten minutes before until ten minutes after the blood sampling in both groups and physiological changes were detected. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Chi-square tests in the SAS and SPSS. Results showed significant difference in heart rate between the experiment and control groups during needle exit [P=0.022]. There was also significant difference in heart rate between experiment and control group in the first 5 minutes of blood sampling [P=0.005]. Results showed that music therapy could reduce some physiological responses of pain during and after blood sampling. Music therapy can be used as a beneficial intervention following painful procedures such as blood sampling in the NICU